The Latarjet procedure involves transferring a piece of bone along with its attached tendon from the coracoid process (a bony projection on the scapula) to the front of the glenoid. This serves a dual purpose: increasing the bony support of the glenoid and providing a sling effect from the transferred tendon to stabilize the shoulder.

Procedure:

1. Incision: A small incision is made over the front of the shoulder.
2. Coracoid Preparation: The surgeon identifies and cuts the coracoid process along with the attached conjoined tendon (comprising the tendons of the coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps).
3. Glenoid Preparation: The anterior aspect of the glenoid is prepared to receive the bone graft by removing any remaining soft tissue and creating a bleeding bone surface to facilitate graft healing.
4. Graft Transfer: The coracoid graft is positioned against the front of the glenoid, and screws are used to secure it in place. The attached conjoined tendon acts as a sling, providing additional dynamic stability to the shoulder.
5. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures, and the shoulder is bandaged.

Recovery from the Laterjet procedure involves a structured rehabilitation program to restore shoulder function and strength. The typical recovery timeline includes:

1. Immediate Postoperative Phase (Weeks 1-2):

   • Use of a sling to immobilize the shoulder and protect the repair.
   • Gentle passive range-of-motion exercises to prevent stiffness.
   • Pain management with medications and ice therapy.

2. Early Rehabilitation Phase (Weeks 2-8):

   • Gradual transition from passive to active-assisted range-of-motion exercises.
   • Begin gentle strengthening exercises, focusing on the rotator cuff and shoulder muscles.
   • Physical therapy to improve shoulder mobility and function.

3. Intermediate Rehabilitation Phase (Weeks 8-12):

   • Progress to active range-of-motion exercises.
   • Increase strengthening exercises for the shoulder and surrounding muscles.
   • Focus on restoring shoulder stability and function.

4. Advanced Rehabilitation Phase (Months 3-6):

   • Advanced strengthening and functional training.
   • Gradual return to normal activities and low-impact sports.
   • Continued focus on shoulder strength, endurance, and flexibility.

5. Return to Sports (Months 6-12):

   • Full return to sports and high-impact activities.
   • Ongoing strength and conditioning to prevent re-injury.

While the Latarjet procedure is generally safe and effective, potential risks and complications include:

• Infection
• Nerve injury (particularly to the axillary or musculocutaneous nerves)
• Graft non-union or fracture
• Hardware complications (such as screw loosening or breakage)
• Postoperative stiffness or loss of motion